What is a nebulizer used for in medical practice?

A nebulizer is primarily used in medical practice to aerosolize medications or fluids so that patients can inhale them directly into their lungs. This method of delivery is particularly effective for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases. By converting liquid medication into a mist or aerosol, a nebulizer allows for rapid absorption into the respiratory system, facilitating quicker relief from symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and tightness in the chest. The design of nebulizers ensures that the medication reaches deep into the lungs, which is crucial for treating various pulmonary conditions and delivering effective therapy in an easily manageable way.

In contrast, surgical tools for cutting bone are unrelated to respiratory treatment and are generally invasive, used in orthopedic procedures. Monitoring heart rate involves different devices typically not associated with nebulization. Lastly, while physical therapy may benefit patients with certain conditions, it does not involve the aerosolization and inhalation of medication as performed by a nebulizer. Thus, the use of a nebulizer is specific to aerosol therapy, which is accurately captured by the correct answer.