What is indicated by a positive Brudzinski sign?

A positive Brudzinski sign is indicative of meningeal irritation, which often occurs in the context of meningitis. When a healthcare provider performs the test by flexing the neck downward, a positive result is observed when the patient involuntarily flexes their knees and hips in response. This reaction suggests that the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, are inflamed or irritated. The presence of neck pain during this maneuver further supports the diagnosis of potential meningitis or meningeal irritation.

The other options do not relate specifically to the Brudzinski sign. Decreased range of motion in the hip pertains to orthopedic issues rather than neurological ones. Turbulent blood flow in the carotid artery deals with vascular problems and is not assessed by this test. An indication of an enlarged thyroid refers to a completely different clinical assessment involving the endocrine system. Therefore, the correct answer aligns with the neurological significance of the Brudzinski sign.