What is the term for the tensing of the abdominal wall muscles?

The term for the tensing of the abdominal wall muscles is referred to as guarding. This involuntary muscle contraction can occur in response to pain or discomfort in the abdominal area, as a protective mechanism to prevent further injury or to minimize movement that may exacerbate the pain. Guarding can often be observed during a physical examination when a healthcare provider palpates the abdomen, and it may indicate an underlying abdominal condition, such as inflammation or irritation in the abdominal cavity.

In contrast, herniation refers to the protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it, while rebound tenderness is a specific sign indicating peritoneal irritation, where pain is felt upon sudden release of pressure applied to the abdomen. Distension, on the other hand, describes the swelling or enlargement of the abdomen due to various causes, such as gas or fluid accumulation. Thus, guarding specifically refers to the tensing of the muscles as a direct response to discomfort, making it the correct term in this context.