Which condition is characterized by an enlarged liver?

Hepatomegaly is the correct choice because it specifically refers to an enlargement of the liver due to various underlying conditions. This condition can arise from a variety of factors, including liver disease, infections, fatty liver, or congestive heart failure, among others. The term itself combines "hepato," which pertains to the liver, and "megaly," meaning enlargement.

The other options represent different medical conditions: splenomegaly refers to an enlargement of the spleen; ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity; and cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder. While these conditions can occur in conjunction with liver issues, they do not pertain directly to an enlarged liver. Understanding these distinctions is crucial when assessing and documenting patient conditions as a medical scribe.