Which surgical technique involves making a small incision and inserting a camera and instruments?

The surgical technique that involves making a small incision and inserting a camera and instruments is laparoscopy. This minimally invasive procedure uses a laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a camera and light source, allowing surgeons to view the inside of the body without the need for large incisions. This technique not only reduces recovery time and scarring but also minimizes pain post-operation compared to traditional open surgery.

In laparoscopy, the small incision is sufficient for not only the camera but also specialized instruments used to perform various procedures, including gallbladder removal, hernia repairs, and diagnostic examinations. The benefits of laparoscopy have led to its widespread use in various surgical disciplines, making it a preferred choice for many conditions that were once treated with larger, open incisions.

In contrast, the other choices describe different procedures or methods that do not involve the same technique of using small incisions and cameras. For example, herniorrhaphy may involve open or laparoscopic approaches but isn't inherently defined by using small incisions and cameras. Mastectomy is a more invasive procedure typically requiring larger incisions for breast tissue removal, and intubation is a technique used to secure an airway rather than a surgical procedure.